{"id":2395,"date":"2014-01-06T01:46:11","date_gmt":"2014-01-06T06:46:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/memoire.mile-end.qc.ca\/?p=2395&lang=fr"},"modified":"2021-03-22T09:48:25","modified_gmt":"2021-03-22T13:48:25","slug":"1-le-mile-end-rural","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/memoire.mile-end.qc.ca\/en\/1-le-mile-end-rural\/","title":{"rendered":"1: Rural Mile End"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Chapter 1: Rural Mile End<\/h3>\n

A magnificent forest?<\/p>\n

The early days of Mile End are still poorly known. In 1891, the Lovell\u2019s directory published a promotional guide using data from the then recently completed census. In addition to articles on Montreal, the book presented brief portrayals of the outlying villages. The article on Saint-Louis-du-Mile-End fit in half a page:<\/p>\n

Before the year 1800 the site on which the village stands was a forest, and mostly belonged to Pierre D. B\u00e9lair. An Englishman, named Mountpleasant, purchased it from the former owner, and experimented with orchard culture with a large stock of fruit trees imported from England. His attempt was unsuccessful, and the land passes into the Whitehall and Knapp families. A few years later John and Jacob Wurtele purchased a large portion of it, and in 1816 it was subdivided between Wurtele, Fortier, John Spalding, Richard Smith and others. Still later Stanley Bagg purchased a tract of about forty acres, on a portion of which the Provincial Exhibition buildings are now erected. In 1805 a clearance was made on the west side of St. Lawrence road to the brow of the Mountain, northward from where the Hotel Dieu Convent and Hospital now stands, to the present Mount Royal avenue. The clearance was turned into pasture land and a race course. The course was the only one in either Lower or Upper Canada. Robert Lovell and family, in 1820 and 1821, occupied what was then known as the Wurtele property, now almost the centre of this prosperous and progressive village, then known as the Mile End. On the outskirts are several farms, among which may be noted that of John Spalding, whose father was one of the first pioneers in this district. All this immense tract of land originally belonged to the Seminary of St Sulpice and the Ladies of the Hotel Dieu.20<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Edgar Andrew Collard, a Montreal Gazette<\/em> journalist who for many years wrote a column on the history of Montreal, published the memories of a Montrealer describing the area around 1840. Family names and farms mentioned partly coincide with those published in Lovell\u2019s:<\/p>\n

We moved out to the Mile End and lived for a time in a great big old stone house on Mr. Jacob Wurtele’s farm. It stood far from the road and there was a fine avenue of basswood, elm and poplar trees in front. Here my mother taught school. The children came in from all round. The Spaulding farm was a fine farm then, run by Mrs. Spaulding though her husband was living, but he was old and feeble. There was one son, Bill, who worked on the farm, and her son James Spaulding kept the Mile End Hotel. There was another large hotel kept by a French family, and there was a large tannery (Blair’s, I think) and Charlton’s market garden, and about a dozen houses formed the Mile End of that day. There were stone quarries; too, some old ones filled with water, fine, fresh and cool, the swimming places of all the boys around. There were broad sand pits, too, where we boys used to play and hunt for martens’ and swallows’ nests in the sand bank.21<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

On 25 November 1893, the French-language newspaper La Presse<\/em> took its turn describing 18th-century Mile End:<\/p>\n

En 1774, cette r\u00e9gion avoisinant Montr\u00e9al, born\u00e9e par l’avenue Mont-Royal, le chemin Papineau et [\u2026] Saint-Laurent \u00e9tait ce que l’on \u00e9tait convenu d’appeler la r\u00e9sidence des officiers militaires qui y avaient \u00e9tabli demeure. O\u00f9 nous voyons aujourd’hui de belles rues bord\u00e9es de demeures princi\u00e8res, il n’y avait dans ce temps-l\u00e0 qu’une for\u00eat avec quelques \u00e9claircies dues \u00e0 la hache des ouvriers de M. Fay, un des officiers qui avait \u00e9lu domicile dans ce domaine.22<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The 1891 Lovell\u2019s article is important, because it was a source for later writers on Mile End\u2019s early rural days. For example, in 1938, historian Robert Pr\u00e9vost published a series of articles on the first inhabitants of the sector, nicknamed the Pieds-Noirs<\/em> (black feet). Here is how he described the district.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 l’endroit o\u00f9 devait surgir plus tard la paroisse de Saint-Enfant J\u00e9sus ou de St-Louis du Mile-End, soit de la rue Mont-Royal en montant vers la rivi\u00e8re des Prairies, une for\u00eat magnifique permettait \u00e0 quelques citadins \u00e9pris de chasse, de venir faire le coup de feu, et aux \u00e9coliers en maraude, de venir cueillir des noisettes ou de jouer aux ‘sauvages’.
\n<\/em>En 1774, un officier de la milice anglaise, M. Fay, qui avait sa demeure \u00e0 l’or\u00e9e de ce bois, avait fait tracer quelques sentiers et abattre des arbres; cet abattage forma des clairi\u00e8res \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents endroits de la for\u00eat.23<\/a>
\n<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

We will come back to the Pieds-Noirs<\/em> later. For now, let us simply mention that the \u201cfounding story\u201d comes up again, with a few changes, in several histories of Plateau Mont-Royal published in the next decades. Here are just two examples, separated by more than 30 years. In 1951, the now-defunct newspaper Le Canada<\/em> published a series of articles on the history of Mile End:<\/p>\n

Le territoire, couvert aujourd’hui par le quartier Laurier et ses environs et qui rec\u00e8le l’une des plus fortes densit\u00e9s de population de la r\u00e9gion m\u00e9tropolitaine, \u00e9tait une for\u00eat au d\u00e9but du XIXe si\u00e8cle. [\u2026] Et jusque vers 1830 ou 1840, il ne semble pas y avoir eu d’habitation permanente dans ce domaine qui \u00e9tait bien celui de la for\u00eat. Tout ce que l’on sait, c’est qu’un certain M. Fay y avait fait pratiquer des clairi\u00e8res et des sentiers pour ses promenades de chasse. En 1891, le ‘Historical Report’ de Lovell apporte quelques autres pr\u00e9cisions\u00a0: le domaine \u00e9tait une for\u00eat appartenant \u00e0 Joseph D. B\u00e9lair avant 1800. [\u2026] On mentionne notamment la ‘Wurtele Property’ habit\u00e9e, avant 1850, par des membres de la famille Robert Lovell ‘au centre du village connu sous le nom de Mile End’.24<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

And, in 1984, the author of the brochure Le Plateau Mont-Royal au 19e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle<\/em> wrote:<\/p>\n

Au sommet de la c\u00f4te \u00e0 Baron s’\u00e9tendait une magnifique for\u00eat. Cette derni\u00e8re permettait \u00e0 quelques citadins \u00e9pris de chasse de venir faire le coup de feu contre le petit gibier, et aux \u00e9coliers de venir cueillir des noisettes. Avant 1800, le site sur lequel s’est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 Saint-Louis du Mile-End appartenait en grande partie \u00e0 Pierre D. B\u00e9lair. Ce dernier vendit une partie de son domaine \u00e0 un anglais nomm\u00e9 Mountpleasant qui tenta d’y planter sans succ\u00e8s des arbres fruitiers import\u00e9s d’Angleterre.25<\/a>
\n<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

This \u201cfounding story\u201d even appears in contemporary official documents of the City of Montreal:<\/p>\n

L’ensemble du territoire aujourd’hui nomm\u00e9 Mile End appartenait, avant 1800, \u00e0 Pierre D. B\u00e9lair. Au cours du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle, cette terre fut cependant conc\u00e9d\u00e9e \u00e0 plusieurs grands propri\u00e9taires, dont les Whitehall, Knapp, Wurtele, Spalding, Bagg et Beaubien. Ces grandes propri\u00e9t\u00e9s furent un facteur de ralentissement du d\u00e9veloppement.26<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

While the history of some of the families mentioned in Lovell\u2019s can be traced \u2013 the Baggs, and the B\u00e9lairs, for example, other major landowners, who also strongly shaped the Mile End district are not even mentioned and their names have fallen into oblivion. For example, the English butcher, John Clark, and the widow Agathe Perrault-Nowlan, whom we will present later.<\/p>\n

First Nations presence, colonization and clearing<\/p>\n

But first of all, was pre-1800 Mile End really covered by the forest and bucolic clearings described by these writers? A noteworthy map drawn in 1702 by the Sulpicians, seigneurs<\/em> of Montreal, provide important clues. They took over land management on the island in 1663. Taking advantage of a lull in the Iroquois wars at the end of the 17th century, the Sulpicians launched a vast operation to colonize the rural areas outside the boundaries of the walled city. They granted land in long, narrow strips of property perpendicular to the shores of the island of Montreal within groupings referred to as c\u00f4tes<\/em> (\u201ccoasts\u201d, \u201dshores”).27<\/a><\/p>\n

\"122413_1817_Notespourun3.jpg\"<\/a>

Figure 4: Description g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l’\u00eele de Montr\u00e9al, Fran\u00e7ois Vachon de Belmont, 1702 (extrait). From Jean-Claude Robert, Atlas historique de Montr\u00e9al<\/strong>, Libre Expression, 1994, p.43. The winding road that starts at the town, skirts the mountain and leads to Sault-au-R\u00e9collet was a First Nations trail.<\/p><\/div>\n

Archaeologist Brad Loewen has reconstituted the portrait of the original forest over a period of about 350 years, based on the Sulpician map and an analysis of written accounts left by the first European visitors to the island, Cartier and Champlain.28<\/a> While centuries of First Nation use, due to their hunting, gathering and extensive agricultural activity (slash-and-burn), had considerably modified the southern and western parts of the island, this was not the same for the centre, which remained relatively intact:<\/p>\n

La premi\u00e8re zone, qui contient la for\u00eat la plus ancienne, est une immense c\u00e9draie, longue de 25 km et large de 5 km, qui domine le versant nord-ouest de l’\u00eele, au nord du mont Royal. Elle s’\u00e9tend entre ce qui est aujourd’hui la carri\u00e8re Lafarge \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al-Est et l’a\u00e9roport de Dorval dans l’ouest de l’\u00eele. [\u2026] Selon les principes de succession foresti\u00e8re, la grande c\u00e9draie constitue une for\u00eat finale et elle existe \u00e0 cet endroit depuis plusieurs si\u00e8cles.29<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Loewen added that near Mount Royal, where Mile End is located, the cedars gave way to another species, the ash.30<\/a> However, if this extensive forest of cedars and ash trees was still intact in 1702, the situation did not last very long after new lots were granted. Historian Louise Dech\u00eane has demonstrated that the habitants\u2019 need for firewood, given the rigours of Canadian winters, meant that progressive clearing was very rapid.31<\/a> Even before new land concessions were made along the c\u00f4tes<\/em> in the interior portions of the island, the need to heat the buildings of Ville-Marie had already created a vast deforested area to the south: \u00abcette zone entoure la jeune ville et s’\u00e9tend jusqu’au pied du mont Royal. [\u2026] \u00c0 l’est du mont Royal, elle remonte le versant sud de l’\u00eele jusqu’\u00e0 l’axe des actuelles rues Fairmount et Masson, \u00e0 moins d’un kilom\u00e8tre de la cr\u00eate centrale de l’\u00eele\u00bb.32<\/a> Loewen notes:<\/p>\n

Environ le tiers de la superficie totale de 499 km2 de l’\u00eele est d\u00e9bois\u00e9 depuis la fondation de Montr\u00e9al. [\u2026] Chaque ann\u00e9e, la for\u00eat perd en moyenne 2,78 km2<\/sup> de sa superficie et plus de 50 000 de ses meilleurs arbres, \u00e0 la faveur des cultures, des p\u00e2turages et des constructions.33<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

This means that the \u201cmagnificent\u201d forest untouched by habitation, as mentioned in the previously cited accounts, falls within the realm of mythology by the second half of the eighteenth century. As documented by Joanne Burgess and Claire Poitras, human activity had already greatly changed the natural landscape of the plateau:<\/p>\n

En 1780, pr\u00e8s d’un si\u00e8cle et demi apr\u00e8s la fondation de Ville-Marie, les interventions humaines ont transform\u00e9 profond\u00e9ment le mont Royal. Ses trois collines ont \u00e9t\u00e9 encercl\u00e9es enti\u00e8rement par les exploitations agricoles. L’activit\u00e9 paysanne a fait progresser les d\u00e9frichements et, aux abords de la montagne, les bois\u00e9s d’origine ont recul\u00e9 au profit des champs de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales. Un habitat rural prend forme le long des chemins de desserte : maisons de pierre, b\u00e2timents de ferme, potagers et vergers.34<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

In his study, Loewen gives the stages of this transformation: until 1698, the mountain and adjacent territory on the east were reserved for First Nations that had joined the Sulpician mission, enabling them to maintain a traditional subsistence life (hunting, gathering, agriculture). After their expulsion, these lands were granted along the c\u00f4tes<\/em> \u00ab\u00e0 travers la grande c\u00e9draie. Le chemin desservant les nouvelles fermes suit l’axe central de la c\u00e9draie, qui, lui, est d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9frich\u00e9. Soustraite du domaine seigneurial, la c\u00e9draie est donn\u00e9e enti\u00e8rement aux censitaires afin de subvenir \u00e0 leurs besoins de construction et de chauffage.\u00bb35<\/a> Between 1830 and 1870, the sector was partially reforested, concluded Loewen, with apple orchards planted between Sherbrooke Street and Pine Avenue: \u00abapr\u00e8s deux si\u00e8cles de d\u00e9boisement continu, c’est la premi\u00e8re plantation importante d’arbres \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al.\u00bb36<\/a> Further north, in what is now Mile End, pastures and vegetable crops dominated, as will be discussed later.<\/p>\n

Fields, pastures, orchards, and a race course<\/p>\n

Two images from the early 19th century show the extent of human intervention. The first, a watercolour entitled Montreal from the race course on the mountain<\/em>, was painted circa 1821 by John Elliott Woolford (figure 5). The second by John Duncan, View near Mile End, Montreal<\/em>, dates from 1831 (figure 6). Woolford painted the view from the slopes of Mont-Royal; the city is still largely contained behind the fortifications of the eighteenth-century walls. St. Lawrence Road pierced the walls, climbing the C\u00f4te-\u00e0-Baron (indicated by a mill on the left not far from what is now Saint-Denis Street), and partially bordered by a few country cottages. The pavilion on the bottom left is surrounded by the race track mentioned in the title of the picture and also mentioned in the 1891 Lovell\u2019s article. Located between what is now Park Avenue and Saint-Laurent Blvd, the race track was laid out in 1811 by Stanley Bagg, on land leased from his future father-in-law, the prosperous English butcher John Clark. Together with the Soeurs Hospitali\u00e8res de Saint-Joseph, Clark was one of the main property-owners of the land north of Sherbrooke Street, from the slopes of Mount Royal to Saint-Lawrence Road.<\/p>\n

The second picture was drawn 10 years later from the opposite point of view. A man and his dog walk along St. Lawrence Road on the east side, probably south of what is now Duluth Street. While the Saint-Laurent suburb extending to Sherbrooke Street has grown considerably denser since 1821, pastures and country homes still dominate the landscape of the plateau, as confirmed by an another watercolour by Duncan, painted the following year (figure 7). Duncan also painted a View of Montr\u00e9al showing H\u00f4tel-Dieu around 1870<\/em>37<\/a> \u2013 a time when cows still grazed on the mountain.<\/p>\n

\"John<\/a>

Figure 5: John Elliot Woolford, Montreal from the mountain, on the race course<\/em>, ca. 1819-1821
National Gallery of Canada (23416)<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

\":<\/a>

Figure 6: James Duncan, View near Mile End, Montr\u00e9al<\/em>, 1831 \u2013 McCord Museum<\/p><\/div>\n

\"122413_1817_Notespourun6.jpg\"<\/a>

Figure 7: James Duncan, Montreal in 1832 (fragment). In the foreground can be seen “Pi\u00e9mont”, built in 1820 for politician Louis-Charles Foucher. This villa is a representative example of development west of St. Lawrence Road. \u2013 McCord Museum<\/p><\/div>\n

The map below (figure 8) shows the spatial organization of the area in long narrow bands along the c\u00f4tes<\/em> still remained in 1879, even if urbanization had taken shape to the south, on the east side of St. Lawrence Road (in the municipalities of Saint-Jean-Baptiste and C\u00f4te-Saint-Louis). To the west, only the eastern and southern parts of Saint-Louis du Mile-End had developed, principally along St. Lawrence Road. In fact, as we will see later, most of the streets and avenues indicated in the Hopkins atlas on the property of “Peter [sic] Beaubien” \u2013 between St. Lawrence and the land of \u201cG.G.A. Compte\u201d \u2013 only existed on paper.<\/p>\n

\"Hopkins<\/a>

Figure 8: Hopkins atlas, 1879 (excerpt) – BAnQ<\/p><\/div>\n

The first villages<\/p>\n

A series of photographs show what Mile End looked like about 30 years after Duncan\u2019s watercolour. The first (figure 9), taken from the roof of Ravenscrag, Sir Hugh Allan\u2019s home which now houses the Allan Memorial Institute, provides a panoramic view toward the northeast. It shows H\u00f4tel-Dieu in 1869, shortly after its construction. Except for a few houses along St. Lawrence Road (in the middle, left of the hospital), the environment was still covered by trees and fields: Park Avenue has not been laid out yet between the line of trees and the walls of the hospital.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Figure 9: James Inglis, View of Montreal from Ravenscrag showing H\u00f4tel-Dieu<\/em>, panorama, 1869 \u2013 McCord Museum<\/p><\/div>\n

The next image (figure 10),38<\/a> taken about a decade later, was photographed from a lower point of view and further north, approximately in line with Marie-Anne Street. The purpose was to show the so-called Crystal Palace, moved in 1878 from its original location on Saint-Catherine Street to the site of the provincial agricultural fair, located just to the north of H\u00f4tel-Dieu. The Crystal Palace is the barrel-vaulted structure visible on the far left of the photo, at what is now the intersection of Esplanade and Saint-Joseph. The primary importance of this image is the fact that it is the oldest known photograph showing the village of Saint-Louis-du-Mile-End. The first version of Saint-Enfant-J\u00e9sus Church, located on Saint-Laurent between Laurier and Saint-Joseph, can be seen in the background in the centre of the photograph. The entire western sector was still rural, as indicated in the Hopkins atlas: a vast, apparently empty space, above the Agricultural Grounds, divided between two properties, the “Nolan [sic] Estate” and “R.S. Bagg”, as well as an enclave, located just above the fair grounds, belonging to the Soeurs Hospitali\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

\"122413_1817_Notespourun9.jpg\"<\/a>

Figure 10: Saint-Louis-du-Mile-End, ca. 1878-1880. Reproduced in Bryan Demshinsky, Montreal then and now<\/em>, The Gazette, 1985, p. 92 (photographer unknown)<\/p><\/div>\n

\"122413_1817_Notespourun10.jpg\"<\/a>

Figure 11:\u00a0Montreal Hunt Club at Mile End Road, near Montreal<\/em>, 1859 \u2013
McCord Museum<\/p><\/div>\n

A well-known 1859 photograph provides another view of the sector: a view of what is now Mont-Royal Avenue, at the corner of Saint-Laurent. The mountain is visible on the horizon and a line of poplars frames the road leading to it. On the right can be seen the corner of a stone building. This is the only known photograph showing the Mile End Tavern.<\/p>\n

The Perrault survey: an avenue amid farmland<\/p>\n

One of the most precise sources about Mile End just before it urbanized is provided in a surveyor’s plan by Henri-Maurice Perrault, circa 1880. Architect and land surveyor (he laid out the large properties in the \u201cGolden Square Mile\u201d), Perrault was also one of the trustees of the Nowlan Estate, the extensive holding that included parts of Outremont and Saint-Louis du Mile End shown in the Hopkins atlas. His was the first urban subdivision project of this undeveloped land. The completion four years previously of the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa & Occidental Railway, which cut across one end of the Nowlan Estate and included a station located a short distance to the east, was probably a factor in the creation of this plan. Perrault proposed the extension of Bleury Street \u2013 at that time just a dirt road ending at Mount Royal Avenue \u2013 into a 70-foot wide avenue extending northward, and the subdivision of adjacent properties into building lots. A parallel street, which was to become Hutchison, was also planned, as were those that later became Saint-Joseph, Fairmount and Bernard. The plan shows the prior existence of two farms (with one farm\u2019s main building dating to 1798). Their removal would be necessary, as was elimination of a pond. A stream flowing eastward from the mountain corresponds to what later became Groll Street. However, for reasons that will be discussed later, no progress was made on this plan for another decade.<\/p>\n

\"Plan<\/a>

Figure 12: Plan of properties situated at Mile End (excerpt). Attributed to Henri-Maurice Perrault, ca. 1880. BAnQ CA601,S53,SS1,P1316. In the lower right, “St. Lawrence Main Street”. Saint-Enfant-J\u00e9sus Church can be seen in the lower centre. Between the church and the place known as “Mile End”, where the hotel and tavern in the 1859 photo was located, can be seen several wooden village houses. Apart from the “Exhibition Grounds” and a rectangle belonging to the H\u00f4tel-Dieu nuns (in the middle of the plan), all the land below the red line belonged to “Heirs late S.C. Bagg”. The Nowlan property, with the proposed streets and subdivision, is above, surrounded by the property of “Heirs late John Pratt”, “G. Tessier”, “Heirs Hall” and “Heirs E.G. Penny”. The farm buildings to be demolished are in the right-of-way of “Boulevard” and “Continuation of Bleury St.” The stream and the pond are to the right of these buildings. On the part of the plan not reproduced here, more farm buildings are indicated to be demolished for new streets, north of the future Bernard Street.<\/p><\/div><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chapter 1: Rural Mile End A magnificent forest? The early days of Mile End are still poorly known. In 1891, the Lovell\u2019s directory published a promotional guide using data from the then recently completed census. In addition to articles on Montreal, the book presented brief portrayals of the outlying villages. The article on Saint-Louis-du-Mile-End fit […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2143,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[25],"tags":[30,29],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/memoire.mile-end.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2395"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/memoire.mile-end.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/memoire.mile-end.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/memoire.mile-end.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/memoire.mile-end.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2395"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"http:\/\/memoire.mile-end.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2395\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5395,"href":"http:\/\/memoire.mile-end.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2395\/revisions\/5395"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/memoire.mile-end.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2143"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/memoire.mile-end.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/memoire.mile-end.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2395"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/memoire.mile-end.qc.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}